The latest data from the UN health agency showed that every corner of the globe is suffering from air pollution, although the problem is much worse in poorer countries.

"Almost the entire global population (99 percent) breathes air that exceeds WHO air quality limits, and threatens their health," the agency said in a statement.

In its previous report four years ago, the WHO had already found that over 90 percent of the global population was affected, but it has since tightened its limits.

"The evidence for the harm caused by air pollution has been growing rapidly and points to significant harm caused by even low levels of many air pollutants," the WHO said.

While UN data last year indicated that pandemic lockdowns and travel restrictions caused short-term improvements in air quality, the WHO said air pollution remains a towering problem.

"After surviving a pandemic, it is unacceptable to still have seven million preventable deaths and countless preventable lost years of good health due to air pollution," Maria Neira, the head of the WHO's department of public health and environment, said in a statement.

The WHO's study provides air quality data from more than 6,000 cities and towns across 117 countries.

The findings were alarming, the organisation said, and highlighted the importance of rapidly curbing fossil fuel use.

Urgent need for healthier energy

WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stressed that worries over soaring energy prices, due in part to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, should help propel change.

"Current energy concerns highlight the importance of speeding up the transition to cleaner, healthier energy systems," he said in a statement.

"High fossil fuel prices, energy security, and the urgency of addressing the twin health challenges of air pollution and climate change, underscore the pressing need to move faster towards a world that is much less dependent on fossil fuels."

The report provides data on concentrations of dangerous particulate matter with a diameter of between 2.5 and 10 micrometres, and particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres.

The particles include toxins like sulfate and black carbon, which pose the greatest health risks since they can penetrate deep into the lungs or cardiovascular system.

For the first time, the report provides ground measurements of annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a common urban pollutant, which is associated with respiratory diseases, particularly asthma.

The report found problems related to particulate pollution were far worse in poorer countries, but that most cities had a problem with nitrogen dioxide.

While the air in 17 percent of cities in high-income countries fell below the WHO's air quality guidelines, less than one percent of cities in low and middle-income countries complied with the recommended thresholds, the report said.