“The economic outlook for the UK and globally has deteriorated materially,” the BoE said in its Financial Stability Report. “Prices of essential goods such as food and energy have risen sharply in the UK and globally, and the outlook for growth has worsened,” it added, blaming the crisis on the conflict in Ukraine.

According to the statement, the higher prices, weaker growth and tighter financing conditions will make it harder for households and businesses to repay or refinance debt. “Given this, we expect households and businesses to become more stretched over coming months. They will also be more vulnerable to further shocks,” the central bank elaborated.

Despite a worsening cost-of-living crisis, with inflation heading towards double digits, the regulator expressed confidence that banks were resilient to debt vulnerabilities among households and businesses. It urged them to ramp up their capital buffer to 2%, meaning they will need an additional $13.2 billion of cash.

“The outlook is subject to considerable uncertainty and there are a number of downside risks that could adversely affect UK financial stability,” the BoE said.

Inflation in Britain is expected to climb to 11% later this year and the central bank’s base interest rate could increase to as high as 3% by the end of 2023, economists warn.